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homelab-configs/README_NEXTCLOUD_BACKUPS.md
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jgitta 2625cf36d2 Add: Nextcloud Backblaze B2 backup solution - automated daily backups 
- Complete backup script for native Nextcloud (MySQL + files)
- Systemd service and timer for daily automated backups at 2 AM
- Backblaze B2 integration with secure credential storage
- Incremental backup support with 30-day retention
- zstd compression for 40-70% storage reduction
- Comprehensive documentation and deployment guides
- Successfully tested with first backup: 203MB DB + 1.3GB files
- Cost-optimized: ~/bin/bash.01-0.02/month for 1.5GB data

Deployment Details:
- Installed B2 CLI via pipx
- Created backup directories at /opt/nextcloud-backup/
- Configured systemd timer for daily execution at 2 AM
- First backup verified in B2 bucket: jg-nextcloud
- Automated scheduling enabled and tested

Documentation includes:
- Deployment report with complete setup details
- Quick start guide for future deployments
- Comprehensive technical reference
- Troubleshooting procedures
- File manifest and index
2026-04-25 18:00:07 -05:00

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# Nextcloud Automated Backups to Backblaze B2
Complete solution for automated, periodic backups of your Nextcloud instance to Backblaze B2 cloud storage.
## 📦 What's Included
This package contains everything needed to set up automated Nextcloud backups:
### Scripts & Configuration
- **`nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh`** - Main backup script (intelligent incremental/full backups)
- **`install-nextcloud-backup.sh`** - One-command installation script
- **`nextcloud-backup.service`** - systemd service file
- **`nextcloud-backup.timer`** - systemd timer for daily backups
- **`nextcloud-backup.env.template`** - Configuration template
### Documentation
- **`BACKUP_QUICK_START.md`** - 5-minute setup guide (start here!)
- **`NEXTCLOUD_BACKBLAZE_SETUP.md`** - Complete detailed documentation
- **`README_NEXTCLOUD_BACKUPS.md`** - This file
## 🚀 Quick Start (Choose One)
### Option A: Automated Installation (Recommended)
```bash
chmod +x install-nextcloud-backup.sh
sudo ./install-nextcloud-backup.sh
```
Then follow the prompts.
### Option B: Manual Installation
1. Read `BACKUP_QUICK_START.md`
2. Run step-by-step commands
3. Customize configuration as needed
## 📋 System Requirements
- Linux system with systemd
- Docker & Docker Compose (running Nextcloud)
- ~10GB free disk space
- Root/sudo access
- B2 account with API credentials
## 🔄 How It Works
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Every Day at 2 AM (configurable) │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ 1. systemd timer triggers nextcloud-backup.service │
│ │
│ 2. Script dumps Nextcloud database │
│ ├─ MariaDB: mysqldump │
│ └─ PostgreSQL: pg_dump │
│ │
│ 3. Script finds changed files (incremental backup) │
│ └─ Or all files (full backup) │
│ │
│ 4. Archives and compresses (zstd compression) │
│ └─ Reduces size by 40-70% │
│ │
│ 5. Uploads to Backblaze B2 │
│ ├─ Database backup │
│ └─ Files archive │
│ │
│ 6. Cleans up old backups (>30 days by default) │
│ │
│ 7. Logs results and updates state │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
## 💾 What Gets Backed Up
✅ **All Nextcloud files** (user documents, photos, videos)
✅ **Database** (all settings, user accounts, sharing)
✅ **Metadata** (file permissions, timestamps)
## 💰 Estimated Costs
Based on Backblaze B2 pricing (as of 2024):
| Size | Compressed | Monthly Storage | Annual |
|------|-----------|-----------------|--------|
| 50GB | 15-20GB | $0.09-0.12 | $1.08-1.44 |
| 100GB | 30-40GB | $0.18-0.24 | $2.16-2.88 |
| 500GB | 150-200GB | $0.90-1.20 | $10.80-14.40 |
*Plus minimal API costs ($0.0004 per 1000 calls)*
## 🔧 Installation Steps
### 1. Run Installer
```bash
sudo ./install-nextcloud-backup.sh
```
### 2. Configure B2 Credentials
```bash
# Get from https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/application_keys.html
sudo nano /etc/nextcloud-backup/b2-credentials.env
```
### 3. Configure Nextcloud Details
```bash
sudo nano /opt/nextcloud-backup/.env
```
### 4. Test Backup
```bash
# Dry run (no upload)
sudo DRY_RUN=true /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh
# Real backup
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh incremental
```
### 5. Enable Automation
```bash
sudo systemctl enable nextcloud-backup.timer
sudo systemctl start nextcloud-backup.timer
```
**Total time: ~10 minutes**
## 📊 Backup Features
### Intelligent Backups
- **Incremental** - Only back up changed files (daily, fast)
- **Full** - Complete snapshot (weekly, thorough)
- **Compression** - zstd reduces size 40-70%
- **Retention** - Auto-delete old backups (configurable)
### Reliability
- Database is dumped before file backup
- Atomic transactions for consistency
- Automatic error recovery
- Detailed logging
### Monitoring
- systemd integration (logs to journalctl)
- Status commands to check backups
- Dry-run mode for testing
- Email alerts on failure (optional)
## 📁 File Structure
After installation:
```
/opt/nextcloud-backup/
├── .env # ← Edit your config here
├── .backups/
│ ├── logs/ # Backup logs
│ └── .backup-state.json # Last backup metadata
└── nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh
/etc/nextcloud-backup/
└── b2-credentials.env # ← Add B2 credentials here
/etc/systemd/system/
├── nextcloud-backup.service
└── nextcloud-backup.timer
```
## 🔐 Security Features
- B2 credentials stored separately (chmod 600)
- Credentials not in logs or scripts
- Backup script runs as root with restrictions
- Automatic credential rotation support
- Secure deletion of temporary files
## ⏰ Default Schedule
**Daily at 2 AM** (configurable)
To change:
```bash
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/nextcloud-backup.timer
# Modify OnCalendar= line
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart nextcloud-backup.timer
```
## 🔍 Monitoring & Logs
```bash
# Check last backup
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh status
# View recent logs
sudo tail -f /opt/nextcloud-backup/.backups/logs/backup_*.log
# systemd logs
sudo journalctl -u nextcloud-backup.service -n 50
# Live monitoring
sudo journalctl -u nextcloud-backup.service -f
```
## ✅ Manual Backup Commands
```bash
# Incremental (changed files only)
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh incremental
# Full (all files)
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh full
# Dry run (test without upload)
sudo DRY_RUN=true /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh
# Status check
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh status
```
## 🔄 Restore Instructions
### Quick Restore Database
```bash
# Get backup ID
b2 list-file-names nextcloud-backups nextcloud-backups/
# Download & restore
b2 download-file-by-id nextcloud-backups <ID> - | \
zstd -d | mysql -u root -p nextcloud
```
### Restore Files
```bash
# Download
b2 download-file-by-id nextcloud-backups <ID> backup.tar.zst
# Extract to /tmp for review
tar --zstd -xf backup.tar.zst -C /tmp
# Copy back (careful!)
cp -r /tmp/srv/docker/nextcloud/data/* /srv/docker/nextcloud/data/
```
See `NEXTCLOUD_BACKBLAZE_SETUP.md` for detailed restore procedures.
## 🐛 Troubleshooting
### Backup Not Running
```bash
# Check timer status
sudo systemctl status nextcloud-backup.timer
# Enable if needed
sudo systemctl enable --now nextcloud-backup.timer
# Check logs
sudo journalctl -u nextcloud-backup.timer -n 50
```
### B2 Authentication Failed
```bash
# Test connection
b2 account-info
# Re-authenticate
b2 authorize-account <ACCOUNT_ID> <APP_KEY>
# Verify credentials file
cat /etc/nextcloud-backup/b2-credentials.env
```
### Backup Script Errors
```bash
# Check logs
sudo tail -100 /opt/nextcloud-backup/.backups/logs/backup_*.log
# Test manually
sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh incremental
# Check permissions
sudo ls -la /srv/docker/nextcloud/data | head -5
```
See `NEXTCLOUD_BACKBLAZE_SETUP.md` for more troubleshooting.
## 🎯 Configuration Options
### Backup Frequency
- Edit `/etc/systemd/system/nextcloud-backup.timer`
- Change `OnCalendar=` for different schedule
### Backup Retention
- Edit `/opt/nextcloud-backup/.env`
- Change `BACKUP_RETENTION_DAYS=30`
### Compression
- Edit `/opt/nextcloud-backup/.env`
- Options: `zstd` (fast), `gzip` (compatible), `bzip2` (slow)
### Database Type
- Auto-detected (MariaDB or PostgreSQL)
- Credentials in `/opt/nextcloud-backup/.env`
## 📚 Documentation
- **Quick Start**: `BACKUP_QUICK_START.md` ← Start here!
- **Full Guide**: `NEXTCLOUD_BACKBLAZE_SETUP.md`
- **This File**: `README_NEXTCLOUD_BACKUPS.md`
## 🆘 Support
### Common Issues
1. See `BACKUP_QUICK_START.md` troubleshooting section
2. Check logs: `sudo journalctl -u nextcloud-backup.service -n 100`
3. Test manually: `sudo /opt/nextcloud-backup/nextcloud-backup-to-backblaze.sh`
### Getting Help
- Review logs for error messages
- Check B2 account for uploads
- Verify file permissions
- Test B2 credentials: `b2 account-info`
## 🔗 References
- [Backblaze B2 Docs](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/)
- [B2 CLI Reference](https://github.com/Backblaze/B2_Command_Line_Tool)
- [Nextcloud Backup Guide](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/)
- [systemd Timer Docs](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html)
## 📄 License
These scripts are provided as-is for use with Nextcloud and Backblaze B2.
## ✨ Features at a Glance
| Feature | Status |
|---------|--------|
| Automated daily backups | ✅ |
| Incremental & full backups | ✅ |
| Database + files | ✅ |
| Compression | ✅ |
| Retention management | ✅ |
| Easy restoration | ✅ |
| Error logging | ✅ |
| Dry-run testing | ✅ |
| Cost optimization | ✅ |
| Security hardened | ✅ |
---
**Ready to get started?** Open `BACKUP_QUICK_START.md` or run `sudo ./install-nextcloud-backup.sh`
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